{"id":4186,"date":"2013-01-15T12:35:46","date_gmt":"2013-01-15T10:35:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/2021.akss.gr\/katochoi-nobel-stis-spetses\/"},"modified":"2021-09-16T15:17:27","modified_gmt":"2021-09-16T12:17:27","slug":"katochoi-nobel-stis-spetses","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akss.gr\/main\/en\/katochoi-nobel-stis-spetses\/","title":{"rendered":"\u039a\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9 Nobel \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03a3\u03c0\u03ad\u03c4\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u039c\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 Nobel \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03a3\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2.\u039f Francis Crick Harry Compton , (8 \u0399\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 1916 \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 1928 \u0399\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 2004) \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u0386\u03b3\u03b3\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 DNA \u03c4\u03bf 1953. \u03a3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd Crick, \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd Watson \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd Maurice Wilkins \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03bc\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf 1962 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u039d\u03cc\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb \u03a6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u2013 \u0399\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u00bb \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03ca\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bf\u03be\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bc\u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03bf \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>\u039f Crick \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03be\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03ce\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1. \u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u00ab\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b4\u03cc\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u00bb \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c8\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03b4\u03ad\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c1\u03bf\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf DNA \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf RNA \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u0390\u03bd\u03b7.<\/p>\n<p>\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c0\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 JW Kieckhefer. \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c9\u03c2 \u039a\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03b3\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u0388\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0399\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Salk \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u039b\u03b1 \u03a7\u03cc\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039a\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf-\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c9\u03b8\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u00ab\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03cc\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03b2\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc \u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2\u00bb, \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd Christof Koch.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Francis_Crick\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">More&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u039f\u00a0James Dewey Watson<strong>,\u00a0<\/strong>(\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd. 6 \u0391\u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 1928)\u00a0\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u0391\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b6\u03c9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd-\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 DNA \u03c4\u03bf 1953 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd Francis Crick . \u03a3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd Watson, \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd Crick \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd Maurice Wilkins \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03bc\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf 1962 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u039d\u03cc\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb \u03a6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u2013 \u0399\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u00bb \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03ca\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bf\u03be\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bc\u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03bf \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u00bb .<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf ( BS , 1947) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0399\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ac\u03bd\u03b1 (PhD., 1950 ), \u03ad\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc Herman Kalckar \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u039a\u03bf\u03c0\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03ac\u03b3\u03b7. \u039f Watson \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Cavendish Laboratory \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039a\u03ad\u03b9\u03bc\u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b6 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0391\u03b3\u03b3\u03bb\u03af\u03b1, \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd Francis Crick .<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf 1956 \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 1976, \u03bf Watson \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03a4\u03bc\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u0392\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a7\u03ac\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03c4, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ce\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 .<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf 1968 \u03bf Watson \u03c5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf Long Island \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039d\u03ad\u03b1\u03c2 \u03a5\u03cc\u03c1\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2. \u03a3\u03c4\u03bf CSHL \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03b4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1. \u03a4\u03bf 1994, \u03be\u03b5\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 10 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf 2007 .<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/James_Watson\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">More&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">O Albert Fert (\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 7 \u039c\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1938), \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u0393\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b3\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 gigabyte \u03c3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b4\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u0395\u03c0\u03af \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03b3\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd Sud \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf Orsay \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf (&#8216;Unit\u00e9 mixte de recherche) \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039a\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c8\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 Thales. \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03b3\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Michigan. \u03a4\u03bf 2007 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03bc\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u039d\u03cc\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb \u03a6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03af \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd Peter Grunberg.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">O Fert \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf 1962 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u00c9cole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9. \u03a0\u03ae\u03c1\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf 1962 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf Orsay Faculty of Sciences \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03af\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u03a4\u03bf 1988, \u03bf Fert \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b3\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03af\u03bf\u03c5. \u039f Peter Grunberg \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf Julich \u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf GMR. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c0\u03b9\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2. \u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf 1988, \u03bf Albert Fert \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c0\u03b9\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2. \u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Fondation \u00c9cologie d&#8217;Avenir \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf 2011.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Albert_Fert\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">More&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u039c\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 Nobel \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2:<\/p>\n<p><b>James Dewey Watson<\/b>,<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.spetsesschool.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/597px-James_D_Watson.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft\" style=\"border: 2px solid black; margin: 2px;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.spetsesschool.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/597px-James_D_Watson.jpg\" alt=\"597px-James_D_Watson\" width=\"251\" height=\"251\" \/><\/a>\u00a0\u039f\u00a0<strong>James Dewey Watson<\/strong><b>, <\/b>(\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd. 6 \u0391\u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 1928)\u00a0\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u0391\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b6\u03c9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd-\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 DNA \u03c4\u03bf 1953 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd Francis Crick . \u03a3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd Watson, \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd Crick \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd Maurice Wilkins \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03bc\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf 1962 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u039d\u03cc\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb \u03a6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 &#8211; \u0399\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 &#8221; \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03ca\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bf\u03be\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bc\u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03bf \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc &#8221; .<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf ( BS , 1947) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0399\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ac\u03bd\u03b1 (PhD., 1950 ), \u03ad\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc Herman Kalckar \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u039a\u03bf\u03c0\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03ac\u03b3\u03b7. \u039f Watson \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Cavendish Laboratory \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039a\u03ad\u03b9\u03bc\u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b6 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0391\u03b3\u03b3\u03bb\u03af\u03b1, \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd Francis Crick .<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf 1956 \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 1976, \u03bf Watson \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03a4\u03bc\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u0392\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a7\u03ac\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03c4, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ce\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 .<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf 1968 \u03bf Watson \u03c5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf Long Island \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039d\u03ad\u03b1\u03c2 \u03a5\u03cc\u03c1\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2. \u03a3\u03c4\u03bf CSHL \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03b4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1. \u03a4\u03bf 1994, \u03be\u03b5\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 10 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf 2007 .<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd 1988 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 1992, \u03bf Watson \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u0395\u03b8\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u0399\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03a5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Human Genome Project .<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u039f Watson \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b2\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03af\u03b1, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u00abMolecular Biology of the Gene\u00bb (1965) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u00abThe Double Helix\u00bb (1968) \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 DNA, \u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03cc\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03ad\u03b1 \u03ad\u03ba\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf 2012.<\/p>\n<p><b>Francis Harry Compton Crick<\/b><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.spetsesschool.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/Francis_Crick_crop.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright\" style=\"border: 2px solid black; margin: 2px;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.spetsesschool.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/Francis_Crick_crop.jpg\" alt=\"Francis_Crick_crop\" width=\"230\" height=\"253\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u039f <strong>Francis Crick Harry Compton<\/strong> , (8 \u0399\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 1916 \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 1928 \u0399\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 2004) \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u0386\u03b3\u03b3\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 DNA \u03c4\u03bf 1953. \u03a3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd Crick, \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd Watson \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd Maurice Wilkins \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03bc\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf 1962 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u039d\u03cc\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb \u03a6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 &#8211; \u0399\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 &#8221; \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03ca\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bf\u03be\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bc\u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03bf \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u039f Crick \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03be\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03ce\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1. \u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 &#8220;\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b4\u03cc\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1&#8221; \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c8\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03b4\u03ad\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c1\u03bf\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf DNA \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf RNA \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u0390\u03bd\u03b7.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c0\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 JW Kieckhefer. \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c9\u03c2 \u039a\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03b3\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u0388\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0399\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Salk \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u039b\u03b1 \u03a7\u03cc\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039a\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf-\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c9\u03b8\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, &#8220;\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03cc\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03b2\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc \u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2\u00bb, \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd Christof Koch.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u039c\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 Nobel \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03a3\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2.\u039f Francis Crick Harry Compton , (8 \u0399\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 1916 \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 1928 \u0399\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 2004) \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u0386\u03b3\u03b3\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 DNA \u03c4\u03bf 1953. \u03a3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd Crick, \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd Watson \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":6817,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[55],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/akss.gr\/main\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4186"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/akss.gr\/main\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/akss.gr\/main\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akss.gr\/main\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akss.gr\/main\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4186"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/akss.gr\/main\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4186\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akss.gr\/main\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6817"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/akss.gr\/main\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4186"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akss.gr\/main\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4186"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akss.gr\/main\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4186"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}